Distance - Power System Protection (1.2 CEU's)

Introduction to Power System Protection and Coordination 

Power System Faults

Different types of faults

Incidence of faults on power system equipment

Effects of power system faults

Magnitude of fault current

Detection of faults

Clearance of faults

Requirements of protective relaying systems

Types Of Electrical Protection for Power Systems

Fuses for High Voltage and Medium Voltage Systems,

Time Current Characteristics of the Power Fuses.

Fixed and Variable tripping of a Power Fuse

Expulsion Type Fuse, Advantage and Limitations

Cable Protection In Line Fuses

Reducing the ARC Flash in case an event happen

Electrical Protection design Steps and factors to be considered

Modeling a Power System, Data Validation

Short Circuit Analysis of a Power System

Analytical or Software driven calculation

Example of analytical short circuit current calculation

Protection Coordination - TCC Curves

Calibration and Maintenance of Protective Equipment-Relay

Calibration Data Sheets

Test bench equipment for Calibration and validation

Codes and Standards applicable to Electrical Power Systems

Understanding the Power System Protection Relays

Classification of Protection Relays

Voltage and Current Instrument Transformers

Zero sequence Network

Electromechanical Units: Magnetic Units; Induction Units; Thermal Units; D'Arsonval Units

Solid State Units,: Semiconductor Components; Solid State Logic Units; Fault Sensing and Amplification Units

Basic Logic Circuits and Operation

Microprocessor Controlled Relays

System Protection Philosophy, Location of the Power System Protection Relay

Defining the Relay Protection Zone and Functions

Standards and Code Requirements for Electrical System Protection

Integrating the Protection Relay to The Power Distribution System

Selection of the best strategy of Protecting The Power System

Correlation between the Power System Protection and The Grounding

Configuration, Solid Grounding; Resistive Grounding and Impedance Grounding

Strategy of replacing Obsolete Protection Relay System

Protective Relay Application

Current Transformers (CT) and Voltage Transformers (VT)

Various types of CTs, VTs, and CVTs

Theory and characteristics of CTs

Application requirements of CTs for protective relaying

Accuracy classifications

Future trends in CT design using optics

Testing of CTs and VTs

Feeder Overcurrent Protection

Protective relaying requirements for radial systems

Elements of feeder protection schemes

High-set, low-set, and inverse-timed elements

Coordination with other devices and fuses

Various types of overcurrent relays

Electromechanical, electronic, and digital relays

Relay setting criteria

Load limitations

Testing of overcurrent protection schemes

Microprocessor-based feeder overcurrent relays: features, application, and testing

Coordination of Electrical Protection Systems

Fuse to fuse

Circuit breaker to fuse

Fuse to circuit breaker

Computer software packages for protection coordination studies

Auto-reclosing of circuit breakers

Breaker failure protection

Back-up protection

Limitation of fault current

Selective zones of protection

Bus Protection

Types of bus protection schemes

Basic concept of differential protection

High-impedance relays for bus differential protection

Application to various bus configurations

Bus protection for radial systems

Testing of bus protection schemes

Motor Protection, Starting and Control

Applicable motor standards

Methods of starting

Differential protection, phase unbalance, overcurrent

Ground fault protection

Canadian Electrical Code requirements

Microprocessor-based motor control and protection devices

Transformer Protection

Overcurrent and ground fault protection

Application of differential protection to transformers

Restricted ground fault protection

Gas relays, pressure and gas accumulation

Winding temperature and oil temperature devices

Testing of transformer protection schemes

Modern microprocessor-based multi-function relays: available functions, application, and testing

Generator Protection

Differential protection

Reverse power, 100% stator ground fault, out-of-step

Loss of field, field ground, overexcitation, inter-turn, etc.

Over-frequency, underfrequency, overvoltage, undervoltage

Negative phase sequence or phase unbalance

Voltage controlled and voltage restricted overcurrent protection

Synchronizing systems, synchro-check relays

Comparison of electro-mechanical and electronic relays

Testing of generator protection schemes

Microprocessor-based multi-function generator protection relays: available relays, application, and testing

Integrated Power System Protection Devices

Bessel Integrated Protection Units

GE Integrated Relay Systems-Multiline G60; G30 and other GE Protection Integrated Relay

Switzer Laboratory Integrated Solutions-SEL Protection Family

ABB Integrated Relays DPU/TPU Relay Family

COOPER Protection Relays

VAMP Protection Integrated Relays

SIPROTEC Siemens Relays

MICOM Schneider Protection relay family

Comparing the Main Manufacturer Protection Relay Performance